Abstract

Research Article

Determination of antibiotics susceptibility profile of Shigella species isolated from children with acute diarrhea

Muhammad Ali*, Sani U Diso, Muhammad S Abdullah, Lurwan Mu’azu and Farouk S Nas

Published: 15 December, 2020 | Volume 3 - Issue 1 | Pages: 054-058

Diarrheal diseases continue to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years. This study aimed to isolate, identify and determining the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Shigella sp associated with acute diarrhea among children in Kano, Northern Nigeria. A cross sectional study was conducted among children less than 5 years diagnosed with acute diarrhea and admitted to paediatric ward of Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital Kano. Stool samples from a total of 37 (20 male and 17 female) subjects were used to isolate and identified the pathogen. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using disc diffusion method. The result showed 12 out of 37 samples were positive for Shigella sp which accounted for 32.4%. Higher incidence of Shigella sp was found among subjects of age between 2 – 3 years. The isolates were 100% resistant to Ampicillin. High resistance was also observed in Amoxicillin (83.33%), Chloramphenicol (58.33%) and Tetracycline (25%). The isolates are 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin, 66.7% to Levofloxacin and Gentamicin each and 58.33% to Erythromycin. Three (3) isolates were resistance to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin, 5 isolates were resistance to Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Amoxicillin while 2 isolates were resistance to Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline and Amoxicillin. It is concluded that Shigella sp is one of the etiological agent of diarrhea in children. Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and Gentamicin are drugs of choice for treating diarrhea caused by Shigella sp.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.ijcmbt.1001017 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

Keywords:

Antibacterial activity; Diarrhea; Shigella; Susceptibility profile

References

  1. Yeshwondm M, Gesit M, Asaye B, Kassu D, Surafel F. Isolation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Shigella and Salmonella among Under 5 Children with Acute Diarrhoea: A Cross-Sectional Study at Selected Public Health Facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Clin Microbiol. 2015; 4: 1-7.
  2. O'Ryan M, Prado V, Pickering LK. A Millennium update on pediatric diarrheal illness in the developing world. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2005; 16: 125-136. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15825143/
  3. Altinier V, Martin G. Diarrhea Caused by Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli, other Pathogens and HUS. Effects of Bismuth Hydroxide Gel. Gastroenterol Hepatol Open Access. 2017; 6: 1-4.
  4. Mandomando IM, Macet EV, Ruiz J, Sanz S, Abacassamo F, et al. Etiology of diarrhea in children younger than 5 years of age Admitted in a rural hospital of southern mozambique. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007; 76: 522-527. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17360878/
  5. Riddle MS, DuPont HL, Connor BA. ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016; 111: 602-22. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27068718/
  6. Vargas M, Casals C, Schellenberg D, Urassa H, Kahigwa E, Ruiz J, Vila J. Etiology of Diarrhea In Children Less than Five Years of Age In Ifakara, Tanzaia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004; 70: 536-539. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15155987/
  7. Gebreegziabher G, Asrat D, Yimtubezinash W, Hagos T. Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Shigella and Salmonella species from Children with Acute Diarrhoea in Mekelle Hospital and Semen Health Center, Tigray, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Sci. 2018; 28:197-206. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6016337/
  8. Yan H, Li L, Alam MJ, Shinoda S, Miyoshi S. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in retail foods in northern China. Int J Food Microbiol. 2010; 143: 230–234. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20797804/
  9. Ameya G, Tsalla T, Getu F, Getu E. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors of Salmonella and Shigella infections among under five children in Arba Minch, South Ethiopia. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2018; 17: 1. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29391040/
  10. Assefa A, Girma M. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella isolates among children aged below five years with diarrhea attending Robe General Hospital and Goba Referral Hospital, South East Ethiopia. Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines. 2019; 5: 19. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31832223/
  11. Gebrekidan A, Dejene TA, Kahsay G, Wasihun AG. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella among acute diarrheal outpatients in Mekelle hospital, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2015; 8: 611. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26508303/
  12. Taneja N, Mewara A, Kumar A, Verma G, Sharma M. Cephalosporin resistant Shigella flexneri over 9 years (2001-09) in India. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012; 67: 1347–1353. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22410619/
  13. Sengupta S, Chattopadhyay MK. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria: A global challenge. Resonance. 2012; 17: 177-191.
  14. Goossens H, Ferech M, Vander Stichele R, Elseviers M, ESAC Project Group. Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study. The Lancet. 2005; 365: 579-587. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15708101/
  15. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States. U.S Department of Health and Human Services. 2013; 1-112.
  16. Isenbarger DW, Hoge CW, Srijan A, Pitarangsi C, Vithayasai N, et al. Comparative antibiotic resistance of diarrheal pathogens from Vietnam and Thailand, 1996-1999. Emerg Infect Dis, 2002; 8: 175-180. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3369583/
  17. Asrat D. Shigella and Salmonella serogroups and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Ethiopia, East Mediterr Health J. 2008; 14: 760-767.
  18. National Population Commission (NPC) National population census result, Abuja Nigeria. 2006
  19. Presscot LM, Harley, JP, Klein DA. Microbiology 6th (Edn). McGraw Hill International edition New York, 2005
  20. Cheesbrough M. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Cambridge university press, 2nd ed. Part 2: 2006; 97-105.
  21. Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Antibiotic suscepti­bility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol. 1996; 45: 493-496. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5325707/
  22. European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST) breakpoint for interpretation of MICs and zone di­ameters. 2015.
  23. Morales LR, Cancio JA, Cairncross S, Huttly S. Impact of drain­age and sewerage on diarrhoea in poor urban areas in Salvador, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2003; 97: 153-158. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14584367/
  24. Elmanama AA, Abdelateef N. Antimicrobial Resistance of Enteric Pathogens Isolated from Acute Gastroenteritis Patients in Gaza strip, Palestine. Int Arabic J Antimicrobial Agents. 2012; 2: 4.
  25. Sheikh AF, Moosavian M, Abdi M, Heidary M, Shahi F, et al. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Shigella species isolated from diarrheal patients in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. Infect Drug Resist. 2019; 12: 249-253. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30774392/
  26. Obi CL, Coker AO, Epoke J, Ndip RN. Enteric bacterial patho­gen in stools of resident of urban and rural region in Nigeria. J Diar­rhoeal Dis Res. 1997; 15: 241-247. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9661320/
  27. Lopez MD, Gonzales ES, Valdes DM, Fragoso AT, Albizu CJ. Wales, 1992-2003. Food control. 1996; 18: 766-772.
  28. Madigan MT, Martinko JM, Stahl DA, Clark DP. Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 13th ed. San Francisco: Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing. 2012.

Similar Articles

Recently Viewed

Read More

Most Viewed

Read More

Help ?